Labarai

Surge Protector, wanda kuma ake kira walƙiya, na'urar lantarki ce da ke ba da kariya ta aminci ga kayan aikin lantarki daban-daban, kayan aiki, da layukan sadarwa.Lokacin da ƙarfin halin yanzu ko ƙarfin lantarki ya haifar da zazzaɓi a cikin da'irar wutar lantarki ko da'irar sadarwa saboda tsangwama daga waje, haɓakar karuwa. kariya na iya gudanar da shunt cikin kankanin lokaci, ta yadda za a hana karuwa daga lalata wasu kayan aiki a cikin circuit.Basic bangaren sallama gibin (wanda kuma aka sani da kariya gap): An kullum hada da biyu karfe sanduna fallasa zuwa iska tare da. wani tazara tsakanin su, ɗayan wanda aka haɗa zuwa layin wutar lantarki L1 ko layin tsaka-tsaki (N) na na'urar kariya da ake buƙata Haɗe, wani sandar ƙarfe yana haɗa da waya ta ƙasa (PE). Lokacin da tashin hankali na gaggawa ya faru, raguwa ya rushe, kuma an shigar da wani ɓangare na cajin wutar lantarki a cikin ƙasa, guje wa karuwar wutar lantarki akan kayan kariya. , kuma tsarin yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi, amma rashin amfani shine cewa aikin arc yana kashewa ba shi da kyau.Ingantacciyar ratar fitarwa shine rata mai kusurwa. Aikin kashe baka ya fi na baya. Ya dogara da wutar lantarki F na kewayawa da tasirin tasirin iska mai zafi don kashe baka.
Tushen fitar da iskar gas ya ƙunshi nau'i biyu na faranti na cathode masu sanyi waɗanda aka rabu da juna kuma an rufe su a cikin bututun gilashi ko bututun yumbu da aka cika da wani iskar gas (Ar) don haɓaka yuwuwar haɓakar bututun fitarwa, akwai. wani majiɓin taimako a cikin bututun fitarwa.Wannan bututu mai cike da iskar gas yana da nau'in pole biyu da nau'in sanda uku. Siffofin fasaha na bututun fitar da iskar gas sun haɗa da: DC fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki Udc; Ƙarfin fitarwa na ƙwanƙwasa (yawanci Up≈(2～3) Udc; Mitar wutar lantarki A halin yanzu A; tasiri da Ip na yanzu; juriya na rufi R (> 109Ω); ƙarfin inter-electrode capacitance (1-5PF) gas. Za'a iya amfani da bututun fitarwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin DC da AC. Zaɓaɓɓen wutar lantarki ta DC ɗin da aka zaɓa Udc shine kamar haka: Yi amfani da yanayin DC: Udc≥1.8U0 (U0 shine wutar lantarki na DC don aiki na yau da kullun) Yi amfani da yanayin AC: U dc≥ 1.44Un (Un shine ingantaccen ƙimar wutar lantarki na AC don aiki na layi na yau da kullun) varistor yana dogara ne akan ZnO Kamar yadda babban ɓangaren ƙarfe oxide semiconductor wanda ba madaidaiciyar juriya ba, lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa ƙarshensa biyu ya kai wani ƙima. Juriya yana da matukar damuwa ga ƙarfin lantarki.Ka'idodin aikinsa yana daidai da jerin da haɗin haɗin haɗin kai na PNs masu yawa na semiconductor. Halayen varistors ba su da kyaun halayen layi mai kyau (I=non-linear coefficient α in CUα), babban halin yanzu iya aiki (~ 2KA/cm2), ƙananan yatsa na al'ada shekarun halin yanzu (10-7 ~ 10-6A), ƙarancin wutar lantarki mai saura (dangane da aikin varistor Voltage da ƙarfin halin yanzu), lokacin amsawa da sauri zuwa wuce gona da iri (~ 10-8s), babu freewheeling. Siffofin fasaha na varistor galibi sun haɗa da: varistor voltage (watau sauya ƙarfin lantarki) UN, wutar lantarki ta Ulma; ragowar wutar lantarki Ures; ragowar ƙarfin lantarki rabo K (K = Ures / UN); matsakaicin ƙarfin halin yanzu Imax; yayyo halin yanzu; lokacin amsawa. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na varistor sune: varistor voltage: UN≥ [(√2×1.2)/0.7] Uo (Uo shine ma'aunin wutar lantarki na mitar wutar lantarki na masana'antu) Mafi ƙarancin wutar lantarki: Ulma ≥ (1.8 ~ 2) Uac (amfani da shi). A karkashin yanayin DC) Ulma ≥ (2.2 ~ 2.5) Uac (amfani a karkashin AC yanayi, Uac ne AC ƙarfin lantarki aiki) Matsakaicin tunani irin ƙarfin lantarki na varistor ya kamata a ƙayyade ta jure irin ƙarfin lantarki na kariyar lantarki na'urar, da saura irin ƙarfin lantarki na varistor ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na na'urar lantarki mai kariya, wato (Ulma) max≤Ub/K, dabarar da ke sama K ita ce ragowar ƙarfin lantarki, Ub shine asarar ƙarfin lantarki na kayan kariya.
Suppressor diode Suppressor diode yana da aikin clamping da iyakance ƙarfin lantarki. Yana aiki a cikin jujjuyawar yanki. Saboda ƙarancin ƙarfin ƙarfinsa da amsawar aiki mai sauri, ya dace musamman don ƴan matakan kariya na ƙarshe a cikin da'irar kariya masu yawa. element.Halayen volt-ampere na diode suppression a cikin yanki na rushewa za a iya bayyana su ta hanyar da ke gaba: I = CUα, inda α shine ma'auni maras kyau, don Zener diode α = 7～9, a cikin diode avalanche α = 5 zuwa 7. Suppression diode Babban ma'aunin fasaha shine: ⑴ ⑴ rated breakdown voltage, wanda ke nufin rushewar wutar lantarki a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun bayanai na baya (yawanci lma). Amma ga Zener diode, da rated rushewar ƙarfin lantarki ne gaba ɗaya a cikin kewayon 2.9V～4.7V , Kuma rated rushewar ƙarfin lantarki na dusar ƙanƙara diodes sau da yawa a cikin kewayon 5.6V zuwa 200V.⑵Maximum clamping ƙarfin lantarki: Yana nufin mafi girma. Wutar lantarki da ke bayyana a ƙarshen bututun lokacin da babban halin yanzu na ƙayyadaddun waveform ɗin ya wuce. Karkashin ƙayyadadden waveform na yanzu (kamar 10/1000μs)) .Wannan juzu'in wutar lantarki ya kamata ya zama mafi girma fiye da mafi girman ƙarfin aiki na tsarin lantarki mai kariya, wato, ba zai iya kasancewa cikin yanayin gudanarwa mai rauni ba lokacin da tsarin ke aiki akai-akai.⑸Maximum leakage current: yana nufin Matsakaicin juzu'in halin yanzu da ke gudana a cikin bututu ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin jujjuyawar juyawa.⑹Lokacin amsawa: 10-11s Choke Coil Na'urar tsoma baki ta yanayin gama gari tare da ferrite a matsayin ainihin. Ya ƙunshi coils guda biyu na girman iri ɗaya da adadin jujjuyawar da aka raunata a kan ferrite iri ɗaya An kafa na'urar tasha huɗu akan core toroidal, wanda ke da tasiri mai tasiri akan babban inductance na yanayin gama gari. sigina, amma yana da ɗan tasiri a kan ƙananan inductance na yayyo don siginar yanayi na banbanta.Amfani da coils coils a cikin madaidaitan layukan na iya murkushe siginonin tsoma baki na gama gari (kamar tsangwama na walƙiya) ba tare da tasiri na al'ada na siginar yanayin banbanta akan line.Cikin coil ɗin ya dace da buƙatu masu zuwa yayin samarwa: 1) Wayoyin da aka raunata a kan coil core ya kamata a keɓe su daga juna don tabbatar da cewa ba a sami raguwar gajeriyar kewayawa tsakanin jujjuyawar na'urar a ƙarƙashin aikin wuce gona da iri. 2) Lokacin da babban halin yanzu na gaggawa ke gudana ta cikin na'urar, ba za a cika ma'aunin maganadisu ba. coil don hana ɓarna tsakanin su biyun ƙarƙashin aikin overvoltage na wucin gadi.4) Ya kamata a raunata na'urar a cikin Layer ɗaya gwargwadon yiwuwa. Wannan na iya rage ƙarfin ƙarfin nada da haɓaka ƙarfin nada don jure wuce gona da iri nan take.1/4 na'urar gajeriyar zangon zango 1/4 na'urar gajeriyar kewayawa shine mai kariyar siginar microwave wanda aka yi dangane da nazarin bakan na walƙiya. taguwar ruwa da ka'idar igiyar ruwa ta tsaye ta eriya da mai ciyarwa. Tsawon mashigin ƙarfe na gajeriyar kewayawa a cikin wannan kariyar yana dogara ne akan siginar aiki Yawan (kamar 900MHZ ko 1800MHZ) an ƙaddara ta girman 1/4 wavelength. Tsawon gunkin guntun layi na layi yana da iyakacin iyaka ga mitar siginar aiki, wanda yayi daidai da buɗaɗɗen kewayawa kuma baya shafar watsa siginar. Duk da haka, ga igiyoyin walƙiya, saboda makamashin walƙiya ya fi rarraba a kasa da n + KHZ, wannan guntuwar gajeriyar igiyar walƙiya Ƙarƙashin wutar lantarki yana da ƙananan ƙananan, wanda yake daidai da gajeren kewayawa, kuma matakin makamashi na walƙiya yana leaked a cikin ƙasa. diamita na 1/4-wavelength short-circuit mashaya ne kullum 'yan millimeters, da tasiri halin yanzu juriya yi yana da kyau, wanda zai iya kai fiye da 30KA (8/20μs), da saura ƙarfin lantarki ne sosai kananan. Wannan ragowar ƙarfin lantarki yana faruwa ne ta hanyar inductance na gajeriyar kewayawa. Rashin hasara shine rukunin mitar wutar lantarki yana da ɗan kunkuntar, kuma bandwidth yana kusan 2% zuwa 20%. Wani gazawa shine ba zai yiwu a ƙara nuna son kai na DC zuwa wurin mai ciyar da eriya ba, wanda ke iyakance wasu aikace-aikace.

Kariyar matsayi na masu kare hawan hawan (wanda kuma aka sani da masu kare walƙiya) kariyar matsayi Domin ƙarfin walƙiya yana da girma sosai, ya zama dole a sannu a hankali a fitar da makamashin walƙiya a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar tsarin fitarwa. Walƙiya matakin farko. Na'urar kariya tana iya fitar da walƙiya kai tsaye, ko kuma fitar da babban ƙarfin da ake gudanarwa lokacin da walƙiya ta bugi layin watsa wutar kai tsaye. Don wuraren da walƙiya kai tsaye za ta iya faruwa, dole ne a aiwatar da kariyar walƙiya ta CLASS-I. Na'urar kariyar walƙiya ta mataki na biyu na'urar kariya ce ga ragowar ƙarfin lantarki na na'urar kariya ta matakin gaba da kuma faɗar walƙiya a yankin. . Lokacin da walƙiyar matakin gaba-gaba ta sami karɓuwar kuzari, har yanzu akwai wani ɓangare na kayan aiki ko na'urar kariya ta walƙiya mataki na uku. Yana da yawan kuzarin da za a watsa, kuma yana buƙatar ƙara shanye shi da na'urar kariya ta walƙiya ta mataki na biyu. A lokaci guda kuma, layin da ke wucewa ta na'urar kariya ta matakin farko kuma zai haifar da walƙiya. electromagnetic bugun jini radiation LEMP. Lokacin da layin ya yi tsayi sosai, ƙarfin walƙiya da aka haifar ya zama babba, kuma ana buƙatar na'urar kariya ta walƙiya ta biyu don ƙara fitar da makamashin walƙiya. na'urar kariya ta walƙiya mataki na biyu.Manufar matakin farko na kariya shine don hana haɓakar wutar lantarki kai tsaye daga yankin LPZ0 zuwa yankin LPZ1, da kuma iyakance ƙarfin wutar lantarki na dubun dubatar zuwa ɗaruruwan dubbai. volts zuwa 2500-3000V. Mai kariyar wutar lantarki da aka sanya a gefen ƙananan wutar lantarki na gidan wutan lantarki ya kamata ya zama mai kariyar wutar lantarki mai nau'in wutar lantarki mai nau'in wutar lantarki guda uku a matsayin matakin farko na kariyar, kuma kada ta kasance mai saurin walƙiya. kasa da 60KA.Wannan matakin na kariyar karuwar wutar lantarki yakamata ya zama babban kariyar karfin wutar lantarki da aka haɗa tsakanin kowane lokaci na layin mai shigowa na mai amfani da wutar lantarki s. ystem da ƙasa.A gabaɗaya ana buƙatar wannan matakin mai kariyar haɓakar wutar lantarki yana da matsakaicin ƙarfin tasiri fiye da 100KA a kowane lokaci, kuma iyakar ƙarfin da ake buƙata shine ƙasa da 1500V, wanda ake kira CLASS I power surge protector.Waɗannan walƙiya na lantarki. An tsara na'urorin kariya na musamman don tsayayya da manyan igiyoyi na walƙiya da kuma haifar da walƙiya da kuma jawo hankalin makamashi mai karfi, wanda zai iya shunt mai yawa na hawan igiyar ruwa zuwa ƙasa. Suna ba da kariya ta matsakaici kawai (matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki wanda ya bayyana akan layi lokacin da motsin halin yanzu ke gudana ta wurin mai kama wutar lantarki ana kiransa iyakacin ƙarfin lantarki), saboda masu kariyar CLASS I galibi suna ɗaukar manyan igiyoyin ruwa. Ba za su iya gaba daya kare m kayan lantarki a cikin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki.The matakin farko-matakin walƙiya mai kama walƙiya na iya hana 10 / 350μs, 100KA walƙiya kalaman, da kuma kai ga mafi girma kariya misali kayyade ta IEC.The fasaha tunani ne: da walƙiya kwarara kudi. ya fi ko daidai da 100KA (10/350μs); ragowar ƙarfin wutar lantarki bai wuce 2.5KV ba; lokacin amsawa ya kasance ƙasa da ko daidai da 100ns. Manufar matakin kariya na biyu shine don ƙara iyakance ƙimar ragowar ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki da ke wucewa ta matakin farko na mai kama walƙiya zuwa 1500-2000V, da aiwatar da haɗin kai na equipotential don LPZ1- LPZ2.The ikon karuwa kare fitarwa daga rarraba hukuma kewaye ya kamata a ƙarfin lantarki-iyakance ikon karuwa mai karewa a matsayin na biyu matakin kariya, da walƙiya halin yanzu iya aiki kada ta kasance kasa da 20KA. Ya kamata a sanya shi a cikin tashar da ke ba da wuta ga kayan lantarki masu mahimmanci ko masu mahimmanci. Ofishin rarrabawar hanya.Waɗannan masu kama walƙiya na samar da wutar lantarki za su iya ɗaukar ragowar ƙarfin kuzarin da ya wuce ta hanyar mai kamawa a ƙofar mai amfani da wutar lantarki, kuma suna da mafi kyawun kawar da wuce gona da iri. na 45kA ko fiye a kowane lokaci, kuma iyakar ƙarfin da ake buƙata ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 1200V. Ana kiran shi CLASS Ⅱ mai kariyar wutar lantarki. Babban tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na mai amfani zai iya cimma kariya ta biyu don biyan bukatun aikin kayan lantarki. Na biyu-matakin wutar lantarki walƙiya arrester rungumi dabi'ar C-type kariya ga lokaci-tsakiyar, lokaci-duniya da tsakiyar-duniya cikakken yanayin kariya, yafi The fasaha sigogi ne: walƙiya halin yanzu iya aiki ne mafi girma ko daidai da 40KA (8/ 20 μs); ragowar ƙimar ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki ba ta fi 1000V ba; lokacin amsa bai fi 25ns ba.

Makasudin matakin kariya na uku shine mafi mahimmancin hanyar kare kayan aiki, rage ƙimar ragowar ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki zuwa ƙasa da 1000V, don haka ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ba zai lalata kayan aiki ba.Mai haɓaka wutar lantarki da aka sanya a ƙarshen mai shigowa. na AC samar da wutar lantarki na lantarki bayanai kayan aiki ya kamata a jerin ƙarfin lantarki-iyakance ikon karuwa mai karewa a matsayin mataki na uku na kariya, da walƙiya na halin yanzu iya aiki kada ta kasance kasa da 10KA.Lashin karshe na tsaro zai iya amfani da ginannen wutar lantarki. walƙiya mai kamawa a cikin wutar lantarki na ciki na kayan aikin lantarki don cimma manufar gaba ɗaya kawar da ƙananan ƙanƙara na wucin gadi.Mai tsaron wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi a nan yana buƙatar iyakar tasirin tasiri na 20KA ko žasa da kowane lokaci, kuma iyakar ƙarfin da ake buƙata ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa. 1000V. Don wasu kayan aikin lantarki na musamman ko na musamman, yana da mahimmanci don samun matakin kariya na uku, kuma yana iya al don haka kare kayan aikin lantarki daga maɗaukakiyar ɗan lokaci da aka samar a cikin tsarin.Don mai gyara wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kayan aikin sadarwa na microwave, kayan aikin sadarwar tashar wayar hannu da kayan radar, yana da kyau a zabi mai kariyar walƙiya na DC wanda ya dace da ƙarfin aiki kamar yadda ya dace. kariya ta ƙarshe bisa ga buƙatun kariyar ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki. Mataki na huɗu kuma na sama kariya yana dogara ne akan matakin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin kayan aiki mai kariya. Idan matakan kariya na walƙiya guda biyu na iya iyakance ƙarfin lantarki don zama ƙasa da matakin juriya na kayan aiki, matakan kariya biyu kawai ake buƙata. Idan kayan aiki yana da ƙananan juriya matakin ƙarfin lantarki, na iya buƙatar matakan kariya huɗu ko fiye. Ƙarfin walƙiya na kariyar matakin na huɗu bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 5KA ba.[3] Ka'idar aiki na rarrabuwa na masu karewa sun kasu kashi ⒈ nau'in canzawa: ka'idodin aikinsa shine cewa lokacin da babu wani wuce gona da iri na gaggawa, yana gabatar da babban impedance, amma da zarar ya amsa ga walƙiya na wucin gadi, impedance ba zato ba tsammani ya canza zuwa ƙananan darajar, ƙyale walƙiya na yanzu yana wucewa. Lokacin amfani da irin waɗannan na'urori, na'urorin sun haɗa da: ratar fitarwa, bututun fitarwa na gas, thyristor, da dai sauransu. karuwa da karfin wutan lantarki, karfinsa zai ci gaba da raguwa, kuma halayensa na yanzu-voltage ba su da ƙarfi. Na'urorin da ake amfani da su don irin waɗannan na'urori sune: zinc oxide, varistors, suppressor diodes, avalanche diodes, da dai sauransu.⒊ Shunt type or nau'in shunt nau'in shake: an haɗa shi a layi daya tare da kayan aiki masu kariya, yana ba da ƙaramin ƙarfi ga bugun bugun walƙiya, kuma yana ba da babban tasiri ga al'ada op. Nau'in erating.Choke type: A cikin jerin tare da kayan aiki masu kariya, yana ba da babban tasiri ga walƙiya na walƙiya, kuma yana ba da rashin ƙarfi ga mitocin aiki na yau da kullun.Na'urorin da ake amfani da su don irin waɗannan na'urorin sune: coils choke, high-pass filters, low-pass filters. , 1/4 na'urorin gajeriyar zangon zango, da sauransu.

Bisa ga manufar (1) Mai kare wutar lantarki: AC wutar lantarki, DC wutar lantarki, canza wutar lantarki, da dai sauransu The AC ikon walƙiya kariyar tsarin ya dace da ikon kariya na wutar lantarki dakunan rarraba wutar lantarki, wutar lantarki rarraba kabad, canza kabad, AC da kuma DC ikon rarraba bangarori, da dai sauransu; Akwai akwatunan rarraba wutar lantarki na shigarwa na waje a cikin ginin, da kuma akwatunan rarraba wutar lantarki na bene; Ana amfani da masu kariyar wutar lantarki don ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki (220/380VAC) grid na masana'antu da wutar lantarki; a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki, ana amfani da su ne don shigar da wutar lantarki na matakai uku ko fitarwa a cikin wutar lantarki na babban ɗakin sarrafawa na ɗakin sarrafa kayan aiki da tashar tashar.Ya dace da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na DC daban-daban, kamar: DC ikon rarraba panel. ; Kayan aikin wutar lantarki na DC; Akwatin rarraba wutar lantarki na DC; tsarin tsarin bayanai na lantarki; tashar fitarwa na kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki na biyu.⑵Mai tsaro na sigina: ƙananan siginar siginar siginar, mai kariyar sigina mai girma, mai kariyar eriya, da dai sauransu.Ana amfani da iyakar aikace-aikacen na'urar kariyar siginar cibiyar sadarwa don 10/100Mbps SWITCH, HUB, ROUTER da sauran na'urorin sadarwa na walƙiya da walƙiya na bugun jini ya haifar da kariyar wuce gona da iri; · Kariyar sauya hanyar sadarwar ɗakin cibiyar sadarwa; · Kariyar uwar garken ɗakin cibiyar sadarwa; · Dakin cibiyar sadarwa sauran Kariyar kayan aiki tare da hanyar sadarwa; 24-tashar hadedde akwatin kariyar walƙiya ana amfani da shi musamman don kariya ta tsakiya na tashoshi masu yawan sigina a cikin kabad ɗin cibiyar sadarwar da aka haɗa da kabad ɗin sauya reshe. Masu kare sigina. Ana amfani da na'urorin kariya na siginar walƙiya musamman don kayan aikin siginar bidiyo mai nuni zuwa ga ma'ana. Kariyar haɗin kai na iya kare kowane nau'in kayan watsa bidiyo daga hatsarori da ke haifar da yajin walƙiya da haɓakar ƙarfin lantarki daga layin watsa siginar, kuma yana dacewa da watsawar RF a ƙarƙashin irin ƙarfin lantarki iri ɗaya.Haɗaɗɗen walƙiya na tashar jiragen ruwa da yawa. Ana amfani da akwatin kariyar galibi don kariyar kariyar kayan sarrafawa kamar masu rikodin bidiyo mai wuyar faifai da masu yanke bidiyo a cikin ma'aikatun kulawa da haɗin gwiwa.